Miniature Size Chart

Every miniature size chart percentage you need for converting STLs between tabletop scales — from 6mm epic to 32mm heroic, 35mm eye level, and beyond — all on one page. These are the numbers I use myself, based on a 175cm human baseline with eye-level measurement. I print on a Bambu Lab A1 Mini. Your mileage may vary.

Don't know your model's scale? Print the scale reference bar and measure it in your slicer first.

Last updated: September 14, 2026

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Miniature Sizes at a Glance

Every percentage on one page

1:100 to 1:35

Bridging the gap between 15mm wargaming and large scale model kits.

285.7%

The math

(50.0mm / 17.5mm) × 100 = 285.7%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level16.0mm Eye
  • Target eye level45.7mm Eye
  • Scale factor285.7%

This is a big jump from 15mm wargaming into large model-kit territory, and it is usually motivated by wanting a single heroic display piece rather than a battalion.

When you would actually do this

Moving a whole 15mm WWII company wargame force up to 1:35 would be absurd — the models would dominate a tournament table. The realistic reason to reach for this percentage is a centerpiece: one tank or one vignette that you want to paint at a scale with generous surface area. The 15mm source was never meant for this, so expect obvious detail scaling, but the chunky model-kit surfaces take the upscale well.

What I watch for

At 285.7% the build volume becomes the real constraint. A small 1:100 tank can grow into a multi-part build at 1:35, so I plan supports and orientation before slicing. The 15mm source detail — antennas, thin gear — upscales into thicker, more forgiving shape, which is a pleasant surprise.

Is 285.7% correct for 1:100 to 1:35?

Yes. 1:100 maps to a 17.5mm figure and 1:35 to 50mm by eye level, so 50 ÷ 17.5 = 285.7%. This is a 2.86x upscale.

1:100 to 28mm

Those tiny 15mm WWII company wargame infantry scaled up to classic fantasy RPG or WWII platoon wargame height.

160.0%

The math

(28.0mm / 17.5mm) × 100 = 160.0%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level16.0mm Eye
  • Target eye level28.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor160.0%

This brings the cheapest big-battle scale up to the everyday tabletop standard. The percentage is modest enough that the models stay recognisable, which keeps the conversion practical.

Why people bridge 15mm to 28mm

I see this most when someone wants a 15mm WWII company wargame tank as a bit of terrain or a display piece on a 28mm board. 160% is small enough that the vehicle reads as a 28mm-scale prop rather than an obviously-upscaled toy. Infantry at this jump get coarse, but vehicles and mechs hold up well.

What to keep in mind

At 160% the detail scales up cleanly, which is the advantage of starting small. The main thing I check is whether the upscaled model matches the proportions of its 28mm neighbours — a 1:100 era vehicle usually does, since the ratios are close enough in practice.

How does 1:100 compare to 28mm?

1:100 is roughly 15mm to the eyes, so scaling to 28mm true scale is a 160% uniform upscale. It lands as a plausible 28mm prop or vehicle.

1:100 to 32mm

Scaling my 15mm WWII troops up to match a modern sci-fi epic wargame army.

182.9%

The math

(32.0mm / 17.5mm) × 100 = 182.9%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level16.0mm Eye
  • Target eye level32.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor182.9%

When you want those cheap 15mm tanks to sit alongside a modern sci-fi epic wargame army as terrain or atmosphere pieces, 182.9% is the bridge.

The realistic use

Honestly, nobody paints a whole battalion at this jump. The practical job is converting one or two iconic vehicles — a particular tank or APC — so they can appear on a 32mm board as wreckage, objectives, or scenery. At 182.9% the hull scales up into a solid, printable shape and the extra size hides layer lines comfortably.

A note on era

32mm is a heroic scale with exaggerated proportions, so a historical 1:100 vehicle can look a touch undersized or too simple next to heroic infantry. I treat these as scenery rather than trying to match them figure-for-figure.

Can I run a whole 1:100 force at 32mm?

Technically yes at 182.9%, but the models read more as scenery than as a matching unit next to heroic-scaled infantry.

1:100 to 35mm

Bumping 15mm WWII company wargame infantry to 35mm sci-fi mass-battle skirmish scale.

200.0%

The math

(35.0mm / 17.5mm) × 100 = 200.0%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level16.0mm Eye
  • Target eye level35.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor200.0%

A clean double-size jump that lifts 15mm wargaming models up to the 35mm band used by sci-fi and fantasy mass-battle games — useful for turning cheap small-scale vehicles into display props.

Why the double is handy

200% is one of the easiest numbers to type because the muscle memory is simple: anything above 100% doubles the linear size. For a single vehicle or vignette destined to sit on a 35mm board, it is a practical, predictable conversion.

Detail expectations

Starting from 15mm means the upscaled plastic (or resin) reads smooth and slightly simplified, which suits 35mm models well. I check the footprint after scaling, because a small-scale vehicle doubled can still be bigger than expected on the plate.

Why is 1:100 to 35mm a clean 200%?

35mm is exactly double the 17.5mm figure that 1:100 produces, so the jump is a straight 2.0x — 200% uniform scale.

1:100 to 40mm

Scaling 15mm infantry for skirmish-level 40mm games.

228.6%

The math

(40.0mm / 17.5mm) × 100 = 228.6%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level16.0mm Eye
  • Target eye level40.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor228.6%

This carries small-scale models all the way up to the biggest standard game scale. It is strictly a display or study-piece move rather than a practical army conversion.

The honest answer

Nothing in 15mm wargaming belongs at 40mm as a playable figure. This jump is for study — understanding how a sculpt reads at display scale — or for turning a small-scale vehicle into a centrepiece. At 228.6% the extra size hides FDM layer lines well, which is the upside.

Supports get complicated

A 2.29x upscale turns fine 15mm details into large, heavier shapes, but it also magnifies internal supports and can make removal a bigger chore. I break large pieces into parts before printing rather than fighting a single tall build.

Is 1:100 to 40mm ever practical for play?

No — it is a display or study conversion. 40mm is far outside the 15mm game's intent.

1:100 to 75mm

Converting 15mm miniatures into high-detail display scale.

428.6%

The math

(75.0mm / 17.5mm) × 100 = 428.6%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level16.0mm Eye
  • Target eye level75.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor428.6%

This is the pure display conversion — a massive 4.3x jump that repurposes a small wargaming sculpt as a large painting canvas.

Only for display

At 428.6% you are committing to a large, slow, material-hungry print. I reach for it when I like a specific 15mm pose or vehicle and want to study it at display scale. The simplification of the small source becomes a feature: smooth, broad surfaces perfect for practice painting.

Plan for a big build

A 4.29x upscale almost certainly exceeds a single print bed. I slice the model into parts, print each at a fine profile, and assemble. Expect long prints and a substantial filament bill for one piece.

Is 1:100 to 75mm worth it?

Only as a display study piece. It is a slow, expensive build but produces a broad-surface canvas for painting practice.

1:35 to 28mm

1:35 model-kit soldiers downscaled for WWII platoon wargame or classic fantasy RPG tabletop play.

56.0%

The math

(28.0mm / 50.0mm) × 100 = 56.0%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Top of head: 61.3%

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level45.7mm Eye
  • Target eye level28.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor56.0%

Turning a big 1:35 model-kit tank into a 28mm wargaming vehicle is one of the most useful conversions in the hobby — and one of the friendliest, because you only ever shrink.

The classic motor-pool trick

1:35 kits are everywhere and often cheaper than wargaming-branded 1:56 vehicles. Scaling to 56% brings a plastic Tiger or Sherman down to sit properly beside 28mm infantry. I lock XYZ to keep proportions true, then weather the hull to blend the glossy kit plastic with matte infantry.

What to watch

Detail survives shrinking beautifully — this is the direction where FDM excels (you're removing material, not exposing it). Thin parts like gun barrels and stowage can get fragile at 56%, so I reinforce or re-orient fragile elements before they thin out too far.

Is 56% the right shrink for 1:35 to 28mm?

Yes. 28mm of a 175cm baseline maps to 50mm for 1:35 eye level, so 28 ÷ 50 = 56.0%.

Why use 1:35 kits for WWII platoon wargame?

They are cheap and abundant, and at 56% they match 28mm infantry well — which is why players run model kit vehicles despite the nominal 1:56 rules scale.

1:35 to 32mm

Detailed 1:35 miniatures brought down to fit in a modern sci-fi epic wargame army.

64.0%

The math

(32.0mm / 50.0mm) × 100 = 64.0%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level45.7mm Eye
  • Target eye level32.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor64.0%

When your army is heroic 32mm rather than true 28mm, the same 1:35 kit trick needs a slightly different number — 64% instead of 56%.

Maths and the heroic difference

Heroic scale is bulkier, so a vehicle shrunk to the same percentage as a true-scale setup will look too small under heroic infantry. Landing on 64% keeps the hull proportionally larger to match the beefy soldiers. I scale a printed hull to sit next to one of my own infantry models before committing to the whole vehicle.

Detail and fragility at 64%

At 64% you keep more of the kit's mass than the 28mm variant, so barrels and stowage stay sturdier. It is a sweet spot that balances size match and printability.

Why 64% rather than 56% for 32mm?

32mm heroic is bulkier than 28mm true scale, so the tank needs to stay proportionally larger — 32 ÷ 50 = 64.0%.

1:35 to 35mm

Downscaling large model kit miniatures for 35mm skirmish systems.

70.0%

The math

(35.0mm / 50.0mm) × 100 = 70.0%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level45.7mm Eye
  • Target eye level35.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor70.0%

Bringing a 1:35 kit down to 35mm is a comfortable 70% shrink that keeps the model chunky and sturdy for a display on a mass-battle-style board.

A good terrain or vehicle scale

At 70% the kit keeps most of its heft, making it a great choice for a legio-style vehicle or objective piece. The reduction is gentle enough that I rarely worry about fragile parts becoming too thin.

Proportions vs 35mm infantry

35mm figures have heroic bulk too, so I test the shrunk hull against my infantry. If the toy look persists, 70% is still the right linear step — I just diversify the weathering and base work to sell the scale.

Does 1:35 to 35mm make a good mass-battle vehicle?

Yes, at 70% the model keeps heft and reads well next to 35mm infantry as a display or objective piece.

1:35 to 40mm

Downscaling 1:35 model kit miniatures for use in 40mm games.

80.0%

The math

(40.0mm / 50.0mm) × 100 = 80.0%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level45.7mm Eye
  • Target eye level40.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor80.0%

A light 80% shrink that turns a 1:35 kit into something that works as scenery or a large character piece on a 40mm board.

Mainly a scenery conversion

At 80% the 1:35 vehicle is close to its original sturdy size, which suits 40mm board furniture. It is not a playable 40mm figure so much as a prop that grounds a scene, and the light shrink means few print complications.

Keep the bulk

Because I am only taking off 20%, the model stays substantial and prints cleanly. This is a forgiving conversion I reach for when I want quick, reliable board dressing.

Is 1:35 to 40mm useful for play?

It works as board furniture or a large piece for a 40mm-themed scene rather than a matched game unit.

1:35 to 75mm

Upscaling 1:35 models for high-detail display scale.

150.0%

The math

(75.0mm / 50.0mm) × 100 = 150.0%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level45.7mm Eye
  • Target eye level75.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor150.0%

A 1.5x upscale that lifts a well-detailed 1:35 kit into the 75mm display world — a natural fit, since the source already carries genuine model-kit detail.

A kit's natural display elevation

Unlike starting from 15mm, 1:35 kits already have real, crisp detail. Upscaling 150% magnifies that detail beautifully, making this one of the more satisfying display conversions because the quality is already there to enlarge. It is ideal for a figure or vehicle you want to paint and proudly shelve.

Print volume thinking

A 1.5x jump can push a big kit past a single bed, so I check build volume early and split into parts if needed. The extra size hides layer lines and rewards fine finishing.

Is 1:35 to 75mm worth printing?

Absolutely for display — the 1:35 source carries model-grade detail that magnifies beautifully at 150%.

1:48 to 1:35

Converting O scale models for use in 1:35 scale dioramas.

137.1%

The math

(50.0mm / 36.5mm) × 100 = 137.1%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level33.3mm Eye
  • Target eye level45.7mm Eye
  • Scale factor137.1%

Climbing from 1:48 up to 1:35 enlarges a model by about 37%, which is a pleasing bump for someone who wants more presence on a display shelf.

A moderate display upscale

137% takes a 1:48 aircraft or vehicle and grows it into a larger 1:35-style kit. It is more than a tweak but far from a rebuild, and the source detail survives the modest enlargement cleanly. I use it most when a specific 1:48 subject only exists in that scale but I want a bigger showcase piece.

Stability of thin parts

At 1.37x, delicate wings and landing gear actually become slightly more robust, which is a welcome bonus after shrinking projects. Print reliability improves.

Why 137.1% for 1:48 to 1:35?

1:48 maps to 33.3mm eye level and 1:35 to 45.7mm, so 45.7 ÷ 33.3 = 137.1%.

1:48 to 28mm

Aircraft kits and O-scale miniatures scaled down for WWII platoon wargame or classic fantasy RPG.

76.8%

The math

(28.0mm / 36.5mm) × 100 = 76.8%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level33.3mm Eye
  • Target eye level28.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor76.8%

This is the famous 1:48-into-28mm conversion that powers so many WWII platoon wargame motor pools, taking a quarter-scale kit down to sit correctly beside true-scale infantry.

The 1:48 for WWII platoon wargame favour

Players favour 1:48 over the official 1:56 because modern plastic infantry have grown bulkier, and the slightly larger 1:48 hull reads better under them. At 76.8% the kit becomes a robust 28mm vehicle. I shrink it, then park a printed infantryman next to it to check the visual match before doing the details.

Fragility reversal

Shrinking to 76.8% thins barrels and stowage. I look for the most delicate elements (barrels, antennas, thin armour plate) and may reinforce or re-orient them so the model survives alongside its 28mm mates.

Why do players prefer 1:48 over 1:56 for WWII platoon wargame?

Modern 28mm plastic infantry are bulkier, so the larger 1:48 hull (76.8% shrink) reads better under them than a true 1:56.

Is 76.8% the right 1:48 to 28mm number?

Yes, based on a 175cm baseline where 1:48 is 33.3mm to the eyes and 28mm true is 28mm — 28 ÷ 33.3 = 76.8%.

1:48 to 32mm

Model kit or aircraft kits shrunk to work as modern sci-fi epic wargame proxies.

87.8%

The math

(32.0mm / 36.5mm) × 100 = 87.8%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level33.3mm Eye
  • Target eye level32.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor87.8%

A gentle 87.8% shrink that takes a quarter-scale vehicle and matches it to the larger heroic 32mm band used by modern sci-fi epic wargame sets.

Bigger infantry, smaller shrink

Because 32mm heroic infantry are bigger than 28mm true-scale ones, the shrink from 1:48 is milder — 87.8% versus 76.8%. That keeps the kit close to its original size, which is convenient for preserving detail while still matching heroic soldiers.

Closer to 1:1 means easier printing

The small reduction means most parts print nearly at native size, so this is a reliable conversion with fewer fragility surprises than a deeper shrink.

Why is the shrink smaller for 32mm than 28mm?

Heroic 32mm infantry are larger, so the 1:48 kit needs less reduction — 32 ÷ 33.3 = 87.8%.

1:48 to 35mm

Downscaling 1:48 (O Scale) models for use in 35mm boutique games.

96.0%

The math

(35.0mm / 36.5mm) × 100 = 96.0%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level33.3mm Eye
  • Target eye level35.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor96.0%

A nearly one-to-one conversion — 96% — that lets a 1:48 kit stand in on a 35mm board with almost no size change at all.

Almost native size

Because 1:48 (33.3mm) is so close to 35mm, this is essentially a tiny nudge. It is the least disruptive 1:48 conversion and great when you want a vehicle or aircraft piece that already looks about right on a 35mm scene. Detail is preserved almost perfectly.

A light touch

At 96% I barely modify the model. I use this whenever I want to press a quarter-scale kit into service as a hard-to-distinguish-from-native 35mm prop.

Is 1:48 basically 35mm already?

Very nearly — 1:48 is 33.3mm to the eyes, so a 96% scale brings it to a 35mm baseline with almost no change.

1:48 to 40mm

Upscaling O scale models for 40mm wargaming.

109.7%

The math

(40.0mm / 36.5mm) × 100 = 109.7%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level33.3mm Eye
  • Target eye level40.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor109.7%

A modest 109.7% upscale that lifts a quarter-scale model up to the larger 40mm band, useful for pulling a 1:48 vehicle into a bigger scene.

A gentle step up

The jump from 33.3mm to 40mm is only about 10%, so the 1:48 kit grows into a slightly heftier piece that reads well on a 40mm board. Detail enlarges cleanly and the model stays sturdy.

When I use this

I reach for it when a 1:48 aircraft or vehicle would otherwise come out a touch too small on a 40mm-themed scene, or when I want a display with a bit more presence without a big rebuild.

Why is 1:48 to 40mm only 109.7%?

40mm is just 9.7% larger than the 33.3mm eye level of 1:48, so the upscale is a light nudge.

1:48 to 75mm

Upscaling O scale models for high-detail display scale.

205.7%

The math

(75.0mm / 36.5mm) × 100 = 205.7%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level33.3mm Eye
  • Target eye level75.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor205.7%

A 2.06x upscale that takes a detailed quarter-scale kit and enlarges it into a full display piece, magnifying its model-grade detail.

Display-scale payoff

1:48 kits carry crisp aircraft- and vehicle-grade detail, and doubling them to 75mm display scale makes the most of it. This is one of the highest-quality display avenues because you start from already-sharp source detail.

Big build planning

At 205.7% you are committing to a large print. Wingspans and hulls can exceed a single bed, so I plan parts and orientation ahead. The result rewards the effort with a shelf-worthy piece.

Is 1:48 a good source for display pieces?

Yes — the source carries genuine model detail that enlarges beautifully at 205.7% to 75mm display scale.

1:48 to 1:56

Downscaling O-gauge and aircraft kits to sit alongside 28mm WWII platoon wargame (28mm) infantry.

85.7%

The math

(31.3mm / 36.5mm) × 100 = 85.7%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level33.3mm Eye
  • Target eye level28.6mm Eye
  • Scale factor85.7%

Shrinking a 1:48 vehicle to the official 1:56 (28mm WWII wargame) scale is a clean 85.7% reduction — the by-the-book way to run store-bought kits with your 28mm infantry.

The rules-correct route

If you want strict 1:56 compliance rather than the common 1:48 compromise, this is the number. It takes a quarter-scale hull down to the official vehicle scale, which sits slightly smaller under infantry than the 1:48 alternative.

Weighing the look

I offer both routes depending on taste: strict 1:56 (85.7%) or the chunkier 1:48 (76.8% to 28mm). Most players land somewhere in between after parking an infantryman next to each. This page documents the formal 1:56 version.

What is the difference between 1:48 and 1:56 for WWII platoon wargame?

1:56 is the official vehicle scale (85.7% from 1:48), but many players keep 1:48 hulls because they look more substantial under bulky modern infantry.

1:56 to 1:35

Converting WWII platoon wargame (28mm) models to 1:35 scale dioramas.

160.0%

The math

(50.0mm / 31.3mm) × 100 = 160.0%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level28.6mm Eye
  • Target eye level45.7mm Eye
  • Scale factor160.0%

A 1.6x upscale that carries a 1:56 vehicle up into the larger 1:35 model-kit world, usually for display or to pair with a bigger kit scene.

Display and pairing use

This is a hobbyist leap: turning a wargaming vehicle into a larger model-kit-scale piece. At 160% the 1:56 hull picks up much-needed mass and reads well in a 1:35 display context, though the wargaming simplification becomes visible if you look closely.

Surface and build

The upscale smooths the model and hides layer lines, which is enjoyable. Big ships and tanks push against build volume, so I plan parts ahead and don't rush a single tall plate.

Why is 1:56 to 1:35 a 160% jump?

1:56 maps to 28.6mm eye level and 1:35 to 45.7mm, so 45.7 ÷ 28.6 = 160.0%.

1:56 to 1:48

Upscaling WWII platoon wargame vehicles to O-gauge or aircraft kit size.

116.7%

The math

(36.5mm / 31.3mm) × 100 = 116.7%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level28.6mm Eye
  • Target eye level33.3mm Eye
  • Scale factor116.7%

Growing a 1:56 vehicle by 116.7% lands it at the more substantial quarter scale many wargamers prefer for pure visual presence.

The presence upgrade

Players who find 1:56 tanks a touch small under bulky infantry often bump to 1:48 for a chunkier hull. This conversion is the reverse of that preference: take a 1:56 model and enlarge it to 1:48. It's a mild 16.7% step that meaningfully increases visual mass.

Clean, reliable result

The modest upscale keeps detail crisp and parts sturdy. I use this when I want a 1:56-built model to benefit from quarter-scale presence without starting over.

Why bump a 1:56 vehicle to 1:48?

For more visual presence. The 16.7% size increase makes a tank read bulkier under heroic infantry, which many wargamers prefer.

1:56 to 28mm

Tuning WWII platoon wargame vehicles to match infantry proportions on the table.

89.6%

The math

(28.0mm / 31.3mm) × 100 = 89.6%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level28.6mm Eye
  • Target eye level28.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor89.6%

This maps the 1:56 vehicle scale to the 28mm true-scale infantry it is officially paired with — a subtle 89.6% adjustment that most players can barely see.

A subtle correction

By eye, 1:56 and 28mm are extremely close. The 89.6% figure is the mathematically correct link between the 28.6mm of 1:56 and the 28mm true-scale infantry. It is close enough that many prints work either way; the percentage just dials the vehicles into perfect alignment.

When exactness matters

I use this when I'm building a coherent WWII platoon wargame force and want every hull to sit precisely under my 28mm infantry. It is a small number with a big effect on cohesion.

Is 1:56 basically 28mm?

They are very close — 1:56 is 28.6mm to the eyes, so a 89.6% scale maps it to 28mm true scale.

1:56 to 32mm

Bumping historical vehicles up to heroic sci-fi wargame scale.

102.4%

The math

(32.0mm / 31.3mm) × 100 = 102.4%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level28.6mm Eye
  • Target eye level32.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor102.4%

A hair over 100% that lifts a 1:56 vehicle to match the bulkier heroic 32mm infantry — a neat trick for mixing WWII platoon wargame and modern sci-fi epic wargame-scale pieces.

Bridging game systems

When you want a 1:56 vehicle to stand next to heroic 32mm soldiers, 102.4% is the bridge. It is a tiny nudge, reflecting how close the vehicle and heroic scales actually are. I use it when combining models across WWII platoon wargame and modern sci-fi epic wargame-themed sets.

The margins are small

Because the jump is just 2.4%, the conversion is forgiving and detail-perfect. It is really about intent — naming the exact target so your hull and infantry read as one scale.

Why is 1:56 to 32mm so small a change?

1:56 (28.6mm) is already near 32mm, so the upscale is only 102.4% — a gentle alignment rather than a size change.

1:56 to 35mm

Upscaling WWII platoon wargame style models for 35mm systems.

112.0%

The math

(35.0mm / 31.3mm) × 100 = 112.0%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level28.6mm Eye
  • Target eye level35.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor112.0%

A 112% upscale that lifts a 1:56 vehicle up to the 35mm band, giving a mutation-friendly match for sci-fi or fantasy mass-battle-style scenes.

A noticeable but clean bump

Going from 28.6mm to 35mm is a 12% increase, enough to matter but gentle on the model. I use it when a 1:56 vehicle would otherwise read too small in a 35mm context. Detail and part strength survive the modest enlargement well.

Watch the footprint

The 12% bump nudges hulls and wings a little larger on the bed, which is trivial unless you were already tight on plate space. I check bed fit before slicing.

Is 1:56 to 35mm a big change?

No — it is a 12% upscale (112%), gentle enough to keep detail intact while increasing visual presence for a 35mm scene.

1:56 to 40mm

Upscaling historical or 28mm heroic models for large skirmish systems.

128.0%

The math

(40.0mm / 31.3mm) × 100 = 128.0%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level28.6mm Eye
  • Target eye level40.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor128.0%

A 128% upscale that lifts a 1:56 vehicle well into the largest standard game scale, suiting it to display or 40mm-themed board pieces.

Up the scale ladder

For someone building a 40mm-themed scene or display, growing a 1:56 hull by 28% gives it proper presence. It is more of an upsize than a rescale, and the wargaming simplification becomes more visible the further you climb.

Plan for the bigger print

A 128% hull is noticeably larger and heavier. I check the bed, sometimes split the model, and accept slower print times when I want the added scale.

Is 1:56 to 40mm a practical conversion?

It works for display or 40mm scenery — the 28% upscale adds presence, though it isn't a rules-aligned game conversion.

1:56 to 75mm

Scaling 28mm historical miniatures for high-detail display scale.

240.0%

The math

(75.0mm / 31.3mm) × 100 = 240.0%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level28.6mm Eye
  • Target eye level75.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor240.0%

A 2.4x upscale that turns a small wargaming vehicle into a substantial display piece, smoothing the surface for painting practice.

Display repurposing

At 240% a 1:56 tank becomes a large, smooth-canvas showpiece. The source's wargaming simplification works in its favour here — broad, flat panels perfect for blending and weathering practice.

A serious build

2.4x is a lot. It will almost certainly be a multi-part, large-print job. I plan sections, print at a fine profile, and expect a real time and material investment for a worthwhile display result.

Is 1:56 to 75mm worth it?

For a display study piece yes — 240% produces a broad, smooth canvas that is ideal for painting practice on a recognizable vehicle.

1:72 to 1:35

Converting 20mm scale miniatures for 1:35 scale dioramas.

205.7%

The math

(50.0mm / 24.3mm) × 100 = 205.7%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level22.2mm Eye
  • Target eye level45.7mm Eye
  • Scale factor205.7%

Doubling a 1:72 kit over to 1:35 is a big but workable jump for someone who wants a large showcase version of a small-scale subject.

Going from small to large

1:72 models are compact, so growing to 1:35 (205.7%) is a major enlargement. The small source detail — fine panel lines, thin gear — scales up and often becomes more robust and printable in the process.

Expect a full build

A 2.06x upscale turns a small kit into a large one. I plan plenty of bed space, split larger parts, and treat it as a proper display project rather than a quick print.

Why is 1:72 to 1:35 a 205.7% jump?

1:72 maps to 22.2mm and 1:35 to 45.7mm eye level, so 45.7 ÷ 22.2 = 205.7%.

1:72 to 28mm

Model kit soldiers scaled up to proper WWII platoon wargame or classic fantasy RPG height.

115.2%

The math

(28.0mm / 24.3mm) × 100 = 115.2%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level22.2mm Eye
  • Target eye level28.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor115.2%

A 115.2% upscale that lifts a 1:72 vehicle to sit alongside 28mm true-scale infantry — a subtle, practical bridge between the small scale and the tabletop standard.

A mild and useful step

1:72 (22.2mm) to 28mm is only about 15%, so the 1:72 model grows just enough to read properly under 28mm infantry. It is a reliable conversion that keeps detail crisp and parts sturdy.

Great for terrain and vehicles

I use this most for adding small-scale aircraft, vehicles, or debris to a 28mm board where a true-scale kit would be too big. The light upscale slots them in naturally.

Is 1:72 close to 28mm?

Somewhat — 1:72 is 22.2mm to the eyes, so 115.2% brings it to 28mm true scale. It's a mild, practical step.

1:72 to 32mm

Small-scale plastic soldiers transformed to heroic sci-fi standard size.

131.7%

The math

(32.0mm / 24.3mm) × 100 = 131.7%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level22.2mm Eye
  • Target eye level32.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor131.7%

A 131.7% upscale that lifts a 1:72 model up to the heroic 32mm band — a solid choice for terrain and vehicles on a modern sci-fi epic wargame board.

Bridging to heroic

Going from 22.2mm to 32mm is a 32% increase, enough to make a 1:72 model read as heroic-scale scenery. I use it when I want small-scale aircraft or vehicles to add atmosphere to a 32mm battlefield.

Detail gains at the top

The 31.7% enlargement smooths and strengthens thin parts. Barrels and wings, delicate at 1:72, become tougher — a welcome reliability boost.

Is 1:72 to 32mm good for terrain?

Yes — 131.7% lifts a 1:72 vehicle into useful heroic-scale scenery that adds atmosphere without dominating a 32mm board.

1:72 to 35mm

Old-school 20mm miniatures scaled to match a 35mm sci-fi mass-battle game.

144.0%

The math

(35.0mm / 24.3mm) × 100 = 144.0%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level22.2mm Eye
  • Target eye level35.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor144.0%

A 144% upscale that carries a 1:72 model up to the 35mm band, producing a chunkier and more present piece for a mass-battle-style board.

Enlargement with intent

The 44% increase from 22.2mm to 35mm gives a small-scale kit real presence. It is more than a tweak, so I treat the model as a proper 35mm prop rather than a miniature. Detail survives the upscale well.

Bed space planning

At 144% a 1:72 model grows noticeably. I check the build volume early for wings or hulls, and orient to avoid tall, support-heavy single builds.

Is 1:72 to 35mm a big change?

Yes — 144% is a 44% enlargement, so the small 1:72 kit becomes a substantial 35mm-presence piece.

1:72 to 40mm

Converting 20mm scale models for 40mm boutique games.

164.6%

The math

(40.0mm / 24.3mm) × 100 = 164.6%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level22.2mm Eye
  • Target eye level40.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor164.6%

A 164.6% upscale that lifts a 1:72 model well into the largest game scale, suiting it to display or 40mm-themed scenery.

A clean climb

Jumping 22.2mm to 40mm is a 65% enlargement. The small source becomes a big, smooth piece that works as display-scale scenery on a 40mm board. The simplification of 1:72 detail becomes a feature at this size.

Heavier build

164.6% makes the model substantially larger and denser. I plan parts and supports deliberately and expect slower printing for the added scale.

What is 1:72 to 40mm for?

Mainly display or 40mm-themed scenery. The 65% upscale yields a smooth, large piece suited to the biggest standard game scale.

1:72 to 75mm

Scaling 20mm infantry for collectors scale (75mm).

308.6%

The math

(75.0mm / 24.3mm) × 100 = 308.6%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level22.2mm Eye
  • Target eye level75.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor308.6%

A massive 308.6% upscale that turns a tiny 1:72 model into a full display-size piece with broad, paintable surfaces.

The extreme upscale

Tripling and change a 1:72 kit into 75mm display territory is a research/display move. The smooth, simplified surfaces are ideal for practice painting or finishing experiments on a recognizable subject.

Commit to the build

3.09x is the largest jump in the matrix. This is a dedicated multi-part, multi-plate project. I break it into sections, print at a fine profile, and accept the time and material cost for a substantial display shelf piece.

Is 308.6% too much to print?

It is the biggest jump, but for a display piece it works — just plan a multi-part build and expect long, material-heavy printing.

28mm to 1:35

Converting standard 28mm models for use in 1:35 scale dioramas.

178.6%

The math

(50.0mm / 28.0mm) × 100 = 178.6%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level28.0mm Eye
  • Target eye level45.7mm Eye
  • Scale factor178.6%

Taking a 28mm infantry figure and growing it to 1:35 model-kit scale is a big jump, and honestly it is a display move because a 1:35 human stands about 50mm tall.

Why you'd go big

A 28mm classic fantasy RPG figure grown to 178.6% becomes a ~1:35 human, which suits large dioramas or pairing with 1:35 kits. I do this when I want a spotlight hero in a model-kit-scale scene. The 78.6% enlargement smooths detail and gives a big paint surface.

Watch the proportions

28mm true-scale figures carry realistic proportions, so enlarging them reads correctly in a 1:35 context. Heroic figures enlarge into a chunky look — fine if the scene is heroic, odd if it is meant to be a realistic kit.

Is 28mm to 1:35 a display conversion?

Yes — it's a 178.6% upscale to model-kit scale, best used for a display hero or diorama rather than a playable figure.

28mm to 32mm

The one every classic fantasy RPG player needs — standard minis to heroic sci-fi wargame scale.

114.3%

The math

(32.0mm / 28.0mm) × 100 = 114.3%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Top of head: 116.1%

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level28.0mm Eye
  • Target eye level32.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor114.3%

This is the conversion I'm asked about more than any other: bringing a true-scale 28mm figure up to heroic 32mm — the difference between a classic true-scale (28mm) sculpt and a modern heroic (32mm) one, or between a classic fantasy RPG mini and a modern heroic figure.

Why 114.3% is the number

On a 175cm baseline, a 28mm true-scale figure is 28mm to the eyes and a 32mm heroic is 32mm, so 32 ÷ 28 = 114.3%. It is the single most useful percentage for anyone printing proxies for modern sci-fi epic wargames, modern fantasy wargames, or classic fantasy RPGs.

What actually changes

At 114.3% the figure grows ~14%, which matters most in armies where the two scales meet. I measure the eye line before scaling — a '28mm' sculpt that reads 30mm needs a different treatment. After the uniform upscale, check that the model still fits its base, since a 32mm figure on a 28mm hero base can crowd the footprint.

What percentage is 28mm to 32mm?

114.3% on a 175cm baseline, measured to the eyes. This matches a true-scale 28mm figure to heroic 32mm.

Does 28mm to 32mm work for modern sci-fi epic wargame and classic fantasy RPG?

Yes — it is the standard bridge between classic true-scale (28mm) and modern heroic (32mm) sci-fi sculpts, and between true-scale and heroic classic fantasy RPG figures.

28mm to 35mm

Upscaling standard 28mm models for use in 35mm systems.

125.0%

The math

(35.0mm / 28.0mm) × 100 = 125.0%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level28.0mm Eye
  • Target eye level35.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor125.0%

Growing a 28mm true-scale figure by 25% to reach the 35mm band used by 35mm sci-fi mass-battle game and fantasy mass-battle game — a crisp increase that reads clearly on the table.

The +25% step

35 ÷ 28 = 125%, a clean quarter-size increase that noticeably enlarges infantry. It is the bridge when you want a 28mm design to hold its own among bulkier 35mm figures. Detail smooths slightly but remains strong.

When it feels right

35mm figures are chunkier, so a 125% upscaled 28mm sculpt will still read slightly slimmer than a native 35mm one. I use it when adding a 28mm-typical hero or vehicle into a 35mm scene and want it to stand tall.

Is 28mm to 35mm a big difference?

It's a clear 25% increase (125%), enough to matter but gentle on detail — good for adding figures to a 35mm mass-battle-style scene.

28mm to 40mm

Upscaling standard 28mm models for use in 40mm large skirmish systems.

142.9%

The math

(40.0mm / 28.0mm) × 100 = 142.9%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level28.0mm Eye
  • Target eye level40.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor142.9%

A 142.9% upscale that lifts a 28mm figure well up into the 40mm band, giving it center-stage presence on a sci-fi or superhero skirmish-themed board.

A commanding increase

Going from 28mm to 40mm is a 43% enlargement — enough to turn a standard figure into a hero-scale piece. The bigger canvas hides layer lines and gives ample painting space. I use it when I want a 28mm design to lead a scene at 40mm.

Proportion expectations

A 28mm true-scale figure upscaled keeps realistic proportions, so it may look slender next to heroic 40mm sculpts. That is fine for a display or an accent piece; just don't expect it to pass entirely as a native heroic 40mm model.

Is 142.9% the right 28mm to 40mm number?

Yes — 40 ÷ 28 = 142.9%. It's a 43% upscale that gives a figure hero-scale presence on a 40mm board.

28mm to 75mm

Upscaling standard 28mm models for high-detail display scale.

267.9%

The math

(75.0mm / 28.0mm) × 100 = 267.9%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level28.0mm Eye
  • Target eye level75.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor267.9%

A 267.9% upscale that turns a tiny 28mm figure into a full 75mm display piece with a broad, satisfying painting surface.

The display jump

28mm to 75mm is a 2.68x enlargement, producing a large, smooth showpiece. It is a display move, not a playable one — perfect for painting practice or a favourite mini you want to showcase at scale.

The big-build reality

At 267.9% you are committing to a substantial print with a fine profile. I plan supports and possibly split parts. The result is a properly shelf-worthy piece with detail that benefits from the larger scale.

Is a 28mm figure worth printing at 75mm?

For display, yes — 267.9% yields a large, smooth canvas that is excellent for painting practice on a familiar subject.

32mm to 1:35

Converting modern 32mm miniatures for use in 1:35 scale dioramas.

156.3%

The math

(50.0mm / 32.0mm) × 100 = 156.3%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level32.0mm Eye
  • Target eye level45.7mm Eye
  • Scale factor156.3%

A 156.3% upscale that grows a heroic 32mm figure to the 1:35 model-kit band — a display move for pairing with large kits.

Pairing with kits

A heroic 32mm figure grown to 156.3% reaches roughly 1:35 human height. It is a display conversion for scenes that combine a large humanoid with 1:35 vehicles or dioramas. The upscale smooths and strengthens the figure.

Heroic proportions carry over

Because 32mm is heroic, the enlarged figure keeps exaggerated proportions that fit stylized dioramas but look bulky in a realistic kit scene. I pick the context first.

Is 32mm to 1:35 practical?

It's for display — 156.3% carries a heroic figure to model-kit scale, best suited to stylized scenes and dioramas.

32mm to 28mm

When a modern sci-fi epic wargame proxy needs to sit next to a classic fantasy RPG party without towering over them.

87.5%

The math

(28.0mm / 32.0mm) × 100 = 87.5%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Top of head: 95.4%

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level32.0mm Eye
  • Target eye level28.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor87.5%

The reverse of the most-asked question: shrinking a heroic 32mm figure to true 28mm scale, as when you bring a modern sculpt down to sit with classic true-scale (28mm) or 28mm fantasy RPG comrades.

Why shrink at all

Players occasionally want a heroic model to join a 28mm-led force. At 87.5% the figure loses its heroic presence and reads as a 28mm true-scale model — the proportions slim down with the size, which is exactly what you want when balancing an army.

Watch the slimming

Shrinking 32mm heroic to 28mm (87.5%) makes heads and weapons proportionally smaller, matching the target scale's realism. I confirm the eye line lands at 28mm after scaling rather than trusting the number alone.

What is 32mm to 28mm percentage?

87.5% — 28 ÷ 32 = 0.875. It shrinks a heroic figure to true 28mm scale with matching slimmer proportions.

32mm to 35mm

Moving from heroic sci-fi standard to mass-battle game height.

109.4%

The math

(35.0mm / 32.0mm) × 100 = 109.4%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level32.0mm Eye
  • Target eye level35.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor109.4%

A gentle 109.4% upscale from the heroic 32mm band up to 35mm — the step I reach for when adding modern sci-fi epic wargame-style models to a sci-fi or fantasy mass-battle game-scale project.

A mild, clean step

35 ÷ 32 = 109.4%, a light increase that gives heroic figures just enough presence for a 35mm board. Detail stays essentially untouched, and parts remain strong since the jump is small.

Good across sci-fi lines

This is a practical bridge between the 32mm gaming mainstream and 35mm systems. I use it for a hero or vehicle that needs to hold its own among bulkier 35mm figures without a drastic size change.

Is 32mm to 35mm a big change?

No — it's a modest 9.4% upscale (109.4%), enough to add presence for a 35mm board while keeping detail intact.

32mm to 40mm

Scaling up to sci-fi or superhero skirmish game size for the big skirmish games.

125.0%

The math

(40.0mm / 32.0mm) × 100 = 125.0%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level32.0mm Eye
  • Target eye level40.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor125.0%

A clean 125% upscale that grows a heroic 32mm figure by a quarter to reach the larger 40mm band — adding real presence while keeping the heroic look.

The +25% hero step

40 ÷ 32 = 125%. I use this when a heroic 32mm design deserves more scale presence — for a centerpiece on a 40mm board or a display piece. The enlargement smooths detail and gives a larger, more paint-friendly canvas.

Heroic stays heroic

Because both scales are heroic, the upscaled figure keeps its exaggerated proportions naturally. That makes this a smoother conversion than the true-to-heroic jumps, since the style doesn't fight the scale change.

Is 32mm to 40mm a clean conversion?

Yes — 125% upscales a heroic 32mm figure to the heroic 40mm band, and the proportions carry over naturally.

32mm to 75mm

Going tabletop to display — big enough to practice advanced painting techniques.

234.4%

The math

(75.0mm / 32.0mm) × 100 = 234.4%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level32.0mm Eye
  • Target eye level75.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor234.4%

A 234.4% upscale that turns a heroic 32mm figure into a large 75mm display piece — one of the friendlier display jumps because the source already has heroic bulk.

A natural display subject

Heroic 32mm figures upscale beautifully to display scale because their exaggerated proportions and strong silhouettes hold up at big sizes. At 234.4% the figure becomes a broad, smooth canvas ideal for painting practice without losing presence.

Still a big print

2.34x is a substantial build. I plan supports, possibly split parts, and use a fine profile. The heroic source detail rewards the effort with a striking shelf piece.

Is 32mm a good source for 75mm display?

Yes — heroic proportions upscale beautifully, so 234.4% gives a strong, broad-canvas display figure.

35mm to 1:35

Converting boutique 35mm models for use in 1:35 scale dioramas.

142.9%

The math

(50.0mm / 35.0mm) × 100 = 142.9%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level35.0mm Eye
  • Target eye level45.7mm Eye
  • Scale factor142.9%

A 142.9% upscale that carries a 35mm figure to model-kit scale, a display move for pairing mass-battle-style figures with 1:35 vehicles and dioramas.

Building a larger scene

Growing a 35mm figure to 142.9% lands it at roughly 1:35 human scale, useful for assembling a large kit-and-figure scene. The enlargement gives the figure real mass and a big paint surface.

Choose the style

35mm figures often carry heroic bulk, which suits stylized dioramas. In a strict 1:35 realistic kit scene that bulk can look exaggerated, so I decide the flavour of the scene first.

Is 35mm to 1:35 worth it?

Yes, for a stylized display scene — 142.9% carries a 35mm figure up to 1:35 model-kit scale, pairing nicely with large kits.

35mm to 28mm

Shrinking 35mm sci-fi or fantasy mass-battle game minis to match classic fantasy RPG proportions.

80.0%

The math

(28.0mm / 35.0mm) × 100 = 80.0%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level35.0mm Eye
  • Target eye level28.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor80.0%

The reverse of the popular upscale: shrinking a 35mm figure down to true 28mm scale at an 80% reduction, with proportions that slim alongside the size.

Slimming a 35mm figure

At 80% a 35mm figure becomes a 28mm true-scale model. Because the source is usually heroic, the shrink hands you slimmer, more realistic proportions — ideal if you want a mass-battle-inspired character to blend into a 28mm-led force.

Delicate after downsizing

The 20% reduction thins weapons and thin parts. I check the most fragile elements and orient or reinforce them so the model survives at its new, smaller size.

What is 35mm to 28mm percentage?

80% — 28 ÷ 35 = 0.8. Shrinking a 35mm figure to 28mm true scale slims its proportions to match.

35mm to 32mm

Fitting 35mm sci-fi mass-battle game models into a modern sci-fi epic wargame army without them looking huge.

91.4%

The math

(32.0mm / 35.0mm) × 100 = 91.4%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level35.0mm Eye
  • Target eye level32.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor91.4%

A light 91.4% reduction that brings a 35mm figure down to the heroic 32mm band — the bridge when you want 35mm mass-battle models to join a modern sci-fi epic wargame force.

A practical scale bridge

32 ÷ 35 = 91.4%, a mild shrink that lets a 35mm figure pass smoothly into a 32mm army. The change is subtle enough to keep detail intact while correcting the size gap between systems.

Low risk, pleasant result

The 8.6% reduction is gentle, so part fragility is rarely an issue. I use this when mixing 35mm mass-battle game and modern sci-fi epic wargame-style sets and want them to cohere on one table.

Is 35mm to 32mm a big change?

No — a modest 91.4% reduction. It's a subtle bridge that keeps detail while letting 35mm models join a 32mm force.

35mm to 40mm

Upscaling 35mm miniatures for use in 40mm skirmish systems.

114.3%

The math

(40.0mm / 35.0mm) × 100 = 114.3%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level35.0mm Eye
  • Target eye level40.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor114.3%

A 114.3% upscale that lifts a 35mm mass-battle figure up to the larger 40mm sci-fi skirmish band — the cleanest way to bring mass-battle-style models into a bigger game.

The standard 35mm-to-40mm scale bridge

40 ÷ 35 = 114.3%, the exact figure players use when pressing 35mm mass-battle proxies into 40mm sci-fi skirmish games. Both scales share a heroic style, so the 14.3% increase preserves proportions seamlessly.

Smooth and reliable

Because the two scales are stylistically aligned, this conversion looks clean with minimal effort. I nudge a mass-battle model up and it reads naturally at 40mm.

Does 35mm to 40mm work for sci-fi skirmish game?

Yes — 114.3% is the standard step from 35mm mass-battle game to sci-fi skirmish game, and the shared heroic style makes it look seamless.

35mm to 75mm

Upscaling 35mm models for high-detail display scale.

214.3%

The math

(75.0mm / 35.0mm) × 100 = 214.3%

Based on 175cm human baseline, eye-level measurement (160cm).

Scale baselines

  • Source eye level35.0mm Eye
  • Target eye level75.0mm Eye
  • Scale factor214.3%

A 214.3% upscale that turns a 35mm figure into a 75mm display piece, with heroic proportions that hold up beautifully at large scale.

Display from a strong base

35mm heroic figures already have presence and bold proportions, so 214.3% takes them to a satisfying display size without losing their character. It is among the nicest display conversions for recognizable sci-fi subjects.

Plan the big build

2.14x is a substantial print. I plan supports, split where needed, and print at a fine profile. The enlarged smooth surfaces are a joy for painting practice.

Is 35mm a good display source?

Yes — 35mm heroic figures upscale cleanly to 75mm (214.3%), keeping their bold proportions for a striking display piece.

Technical guide

Why is miniature scale inconsistent?

Five things I learned after mixing up miniatures from six manufacturers and measuring them with a PARKSIDE digital caliper. The numbers on the box rarely match the model.

I have been burned by this enough times that I built a calculator. You buy a box labeled "28mm," paint them up, and they look like teenagers next to your existing squad. One company's 28mm is another's 30mm. The industry ruler is made of rubber.

This is not poor quality control. It is scale creep — a decades-long drift where miniatures slowly put on bulk. I have watched players tear their hair out trying to build a coherent army. The truth is that "scale" in wargaming is less a mathematical constant and more a stylistic suggestion. To build a uniform force, you need to look past the label and understand the math.

1

Why does a 28mm miniature measure 30-32mm?

The discrepancy starts with where the manufacturer places their ruler. Historically, a 175cm human mapped to a 1:60 ratio — the "1 inch = 5 feet" standard. Mathematically that is 30mm. So why call it 28mm?

The answer is the reference point. As Alkony notes, manufacturers rarely tell you where they stop measuring:

"A 28mm miniature means that the size of the miniature will be 28mm from the feet of the mini to the chosen reference point."

— Alkony

In most cases that reference point is eye level, not top of head. It is easier for a sculptor to find the eyes than the crown of a head hidden under a helmet. Add the forehead and headgear, and a "28mm" model is actually 30-32mm in practice.

You are often buying 32mm models that have been grandfathered into a 28mm label for historical reasons.

2

Why do 1:48 tanks look better with 28mm infantry than 1:56?

The WWII platoon wargames state the official vehicle scale is 1:56. On paper this is correct for 28mm. Walk into any tournament and you will see 1:48 model kits dominating the motor pool. This is not an accident.

The publisher has an internal inconsistency. Their metal miniatures are traditional 28mm (closer to 1:52 or 1:56), but their newer plastic sprues are actually 32mm. These plastics are taller and bulkier, so a true 1:56 tank looks like a toy next to them. The volumetric bulk of the infantry makes the vehicle look like the crew would not fit inside.

"I believe they fit with the oversized nature of the publisher's newer plastic infantry better than the actual tanks themselves."

— Reddit, community wargaming forum

There is also a fiscal reality: 1:48 model kits are widely available at hobby shops and often cost half the price of official wargaming-branded 1:56 kits.

For the technical hobbyist, 1:48 is a rare win-win: better visual proportions and lower cost. Use my 1:48 to 32mm conversion and see how it looks on your table.

3

Why do miniature hands keep getting bigger?

"Heroic Scale" is not a lack of anatomical skill. It is a functional design choice. From three feet away — the standard tabletop distance — a realistically proportioned 28mm head is roughly the size of a peppercorn.

"From a tabletop distance, a realistically scaled figure will have unintelligible hands and heads, and if they are scaled up to be readable, the feet look tiny."

— Zandoria Studios

Sculptors exaggerate heads, hands, and weapons to make models readable and easier to paint. This has led to what hobbyists call the "marshmallow man" effect.

You can see this in the new plastic German Veteran and US Airborne kits. They are so puffy that they are incompatible with older true-scale kits. A new-style arm on an old-style body looks like a prosthetic from a different species.

Before you commit to a conversion, cross-reference the source scales in my conversion matrix above.

4

How much height does a miniature base add?

The most overlooked factor is not the model. It is the plastic disc it stands on. Infantry are almost always based on 2mm to 5mm thick plastic. Vehicles in historical games are often left unbased.

This creates a 3-5mm false height. A 32mm soldier on a 4mm base has his eye level at 36mm above the table. Next to a 1:56 Tiger tank resting directly on the mat, he towers over the engine deck.

This gap is why official scales feel wrong. The base raises the infantry's effective scale while the vehicle stays grounded.

3D printing is the equalizer. You no longer have to accept the manufacturer's fixed height. You can scale digitally to compensate for base thickness and ensure infantry and armor share the same visual horizon. My Scale Engine accounts for both eye level and top of head methodologies.

5

How do I calculate scale conversions for 3D printing?

Digital manufacturing shifts power from the factory to the player. Using a 175cm human baseline, I bridge the gap between 28mm (classic fantasy / historical) and 32mm (modern heroic / sci-fi) systems. When mixing STL files from different designers, you need to account for both measurement methodology and material physics.

What I do in practice

28mm true scale to 32mm heroic

I set my slicer to 114.3% for eye level, or <span class="text-white font-mono">116.1%</span> for top of head.

Material compensation

PLA and PETG shrink under 0.5% during cooling. I do not add compensation for FDM because the effect is smaller than normal print variation.

The number I actually use

To match a realistic 28mm soldier to a modern heroic system with material cooling accounted for, I land on 115.8%. Your printer may want something different.

You will find these in the conversion details above.

Scale conversion FAQ

What percentage do I scale 28mm to 32mm?
Type 114.3% into your slicer. That is the number for 28mm to 32mm measured to eye level. If you measure to the top of the head instead, use 116.1%. I have tested this on PLA with no additional shrinkage compensation needed.
How big is a 28mm miniature in real measurements?
A 28mm miniature represents a 175cm human at roughly 1:56 to 1:60 ratio scale. The miniature stands about 30-32mm to the top of the head, with the eye level at 28mm. Add 2-5mm for the base thickness and you have the total height sitting on your table.
What is the difference between 28mm and 32mm scale?
28mm is the classic tabletop standard — measured to eye level on a 175cm human with realistic proportions. 32mm heroic scale uses the same baseline but exaggerates heads, hands, and weapons so details read at arm's length. The height difference is only 14.3%, but the added bulk makes them feel a lot bigger on the table. Full conversion guide
What scale is 1:35 in mm for miniatures?
At 1:35, a 175cm human works out to about 50mm to the eyes. That is significantly bigger than 28mm tabletop miniatures — most 1:35 kits are commercial model-kit military vehicles, not wargaming miniatures. If you want to mix a 1:35 tank with 28mm infantry, scale it down to 62.5% in your slicer.
Does PLA or PETG shrink after printing?
Barely. PLA and PETG can shrink 0.2% to 0.5% as they cool from printing temperature. This is small enough to ignore for miniature scaling. I do not add compensation for FDM because over-extrusion and cooling shrinkage tend to cancel each other out.
Why do 1:48 tanks look better with 28mm infantry than 1:56?
Here is the thing — most modern 28mm plastics from the major wargaming publishers and similar manufacturers actually measure closer to 30-32mm. A true 1:56 tank looks undersized next to them. 1:48 model kits match the heroic proportions better, and they are often cheaper than official wargaming vehicles. I use 1:48 for my WWII platoon wargame motor pool and nobody has complained at tournaments. Use my 1:48 to 28mm guide and see how it looks on your table.
What does "Eye Level" vs "Top of Head" mean in miniature scale?
Eye level means measuring from the foot to the centre of the eye — 160cm on a 175cm human. Top of head means measuring to the crown at 175cm. That 15cm gap creates a 5-10% difference in your scale calculations. Fantasy and sci-fi miniatures usually use eye level because helmets and top-knots vary. Historical kits tend to use top of head. The STL scale converter supports both.
How do I scale STL files for different tabletop games?
Find your source and target scales in the conversion details below, type the percentage into your slicer, and lock the XYZ axes to uniform scaling. Always print a test piece before committing to a full batch. The STL scale calculator on the homepage does this automatically — pick your scales, copy the number, done.

Calculations by using a 175cm human baseline

Need a specific conversion?

The STL scale engine gives you the percentage for any source and target scale. Select your systems, choose eye level or top of head, and get the slicer value instantly.

Launch the 3D print scale calculator